1) Umkhuba wokukhishwa kwezingxenye zezimoto uyabonakala
Izimoto ngokuvamile zakhiwa amasistimu enjini, amasistimu okuhambisa, amasistimu okuqondisa, njll. Uhlelo ngalunye lwakhiwe izingxenye eziningi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezingxenye ezihilelekile ekuhlanganisweni kwemoto ephelele, futhi imininingwane nezinhlobo zezingxenye zezimoto zemikhiqizo ehlukene namamodeli nazo zihlukile. Ngokuhlukile komunye nomunye, kunzima ukwakha ukukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe okukhulu. Njengomdlali ovelele embonini, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwawo kokukhiqiza kanye nokwenza inzuzo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ehlise ingcindezi yawo yezezimali, ama-OEMs e-auto kancane kancane ahlubule izingxenye ezihlukahlukene nezingxenye futhi azinikezela kubakhiqizi bezingxenye ezikhuphukayo ukuze basekele ukukhiqizwa.

2) Ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi embonini yezingxenye zezimoto kucacile, kubonisa izici zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinga
Imboni yezingxenye zezimoto inezici zokuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi okunamazinga amaningi. Uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye zezimoto luhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi abahlinzeki besigaba sokuqala, sesibili, nesesithathu ngokuya ngesakhiwo sephiramidi "sezingxenye, izingxenye, kanye nemihlangano yesistimu". Abahlinzeki be-Tier-1 banekhono lokubamba iqhaza ku-R&D ehlanganyelwe yama-OEMs futhi banokuncintisana okuphelele okuqinile. Abahlinzeki be-Tier-2 kanye ne-Tier-3 ngokuvamile bagxila ezintweni zokwakha, izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko. Abahlinzeki be-Tier-2 kanye ne-Tier-3 bancintisana kakhulu. Kudingekile ukuqeda ukuncintisana okufanayo ngokwandisa i-R&D ukuze kukhuliswe inani elengeziwe lemikhiqizo nokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo.

Njengoba indima yama-OEM ishintsha kancane kancane isuka ekubeni enkulu futhi ebanzi yokukhiqiza edidiyelwe kanye nemodeli yokuhlanganisa igxile ku-R&D kanye nomklamo wamaphrojekthi wezimoto eziphelele, indima yabakhiqizi bezingxenye zezimoto iye yanda kancane kancane isuka kumkhiqizi omsulwa yaya ekuthuthukisweni okuhlanganyelwe nama-OEM. Izidingo zefekthri zokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqiza. Ngaphansi kwesizinda sokuhlukaniswa kwezabasebenzi okukhethekile, kuzokwakhiwa ibhizinisi elikhethekile nelilikhulu elikhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto.

3) Izingxenye ze-Auto zivame ukuthuthukiswa okungasindi
A. Ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-emission kwenza ukukhanya komzimba kube yinkambiso engenakugwemeka ekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto ezivamile.

Ekuphenduleni ikhwelo lokongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola, amazwe ahlukahlukene akhiphe imithethonqubo mayelana namazinga okusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ezimotweni zabagibeli. Ngokwemithethonqubo yoMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi wasePeople's Republic of ezweni lakithi, izinga lokusebenzisa uphethiloli ezimotweni zabagibeli eChina lizokwehla lisuka ku-6.9L/100km ngo-2015 liye ku-5L/100km ngo-2020, lehle lifike ku-27.5%; i-EU ithathe isikhundla se-CO2 yokuzithandela ngokusebenzisa izindlela zomthetho eziyisibopho Isivumelwano sokunciphisa ukungcola ukuze kusetshenziswe uphethiloli wemoto kanye nezimfuneko zomkhawulo we-CO2 kanye nezinhlelo zokulebula ngaphakathi kwe-EU; i-United States ikhiphe i-light-duty car fuel economy kanye nemithethonqubo yokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, edinga isilinganiso somnotho wamafutha wezimoto ezilula zase-US ukuze zifinyelele ku-56.2mpg ku-2025.

Ngokwemininingwane efanele ye-International Aluminium Association, isisindo sezimoto zikaphethiloli cishe sihlobene nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ngokuncishiswa ngakunye kwesisindo semoto ngo-100kg, cishe u-0.6L kaphethiloli ungonga ngekhilomitha elingu-100, kanti u-800-900g we-CO2 ungancishiswa. Izimoto zendabuko zilula ngesisindo somzimba. I-Quantification ingenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokonga amandla kanye nezindlela zokunciphisa ukungcola okwamanje, futhi isiphenduke inkambiso engenakugwenywa ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezimoto.

B.Ibanga lokuhamba lezimoto ezintsha ezinamandla likhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obungasindi
Ngokukhula okusheshayo kokukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwezimoto zikagesi, uhla lokuhamba luseyinto ebalulekile evimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi. Ngokusho kwedatha efanele evela ku-International Aluminium Association, isisindo sezimoto zikagesi sihlotshaniswa kahle nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngokungeziwe kumandla nokuminyana kwezinto zebhethri lamandla, isisindo sayo yonke imoto siyisici esibalulekile esithinta ibanga lokuhamba lemoto kagesi. Uma isisindo semoto ehlanzekile kagesi sehliswa ngo-10kg, ibanga lokuhamba lingakhuphuka ngo-2.5km. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi esimweni esisha kunesidingo esiphuthumayo se-lightweight.

Ingxubevange ye-C.Aluminium inokusebenza kwezindleko eziphelele futhi iyinto ekhethwayo yezimoto ezingasindi.
Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuthola isisindo esincane: ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingasindi, ukwakheka okungasindi kanye nokukhiqiza okungasindi. Ngokombono wezinto zokwakha, izinto ezingasindi ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa ama-alloys e-aluminium, ama-alloys e-magnesium, ama-carbon fibers nezinsimbi ezinamandla kakhulu. Ngokuphathelene nomphumela wokunciphisa isisindo, i-high-strength steel-aluminium alloy-magnesium alloy-carbon fiber ibonisa umkhuba wokwandisa umphumela wokunciphisa isisindo; ngokwezindleko, i-high-strength steel-aluminium alloy-magnesium alloy-carbon fiber ibonisa ukuthambekela kwezindleko ezikhulayo. Phakathi kwezinto ezingasindi ezimotweni, ukusebenza kwezindleko eziphelele zezinto ze-aluminium alloy kuphezulu kunokwensimbi, i-magnesium, amapulasitiki nezinto eziyinhlanganisela, futhi kunezinzuzo eziqhathaniswayo ngokobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa, ukuphepha kokusebenza kanye nokugaywa kabusha. Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi emakethe yezinto ezingasindi ngo-2020, i-aluminium alloy ifinyelela ku-64%, futhi njengamanje iyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu engasindi.